After the revolt of 1857 Muslims became the target of the British hatred and suffered most from its
consequences. The decline of Muslim power created a sense of loss among the Muslims of India. Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan, the first post Mutiny thinker tried hard to raise the economic conditions by promoting modern
education for them. The Mohammedan Anglo- Oriental College, Aligarh and the Muslim Educational
Conference were by far the most lasting achievements in the political organization of Muslims. After the death
of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in 1998 Nawab Mohsin- ul- Mulk and Nawab Viqar- ul– Mulk played an important
role in the formation of All India Muslim League. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights and
interests of Muslims in India. The formation of All India Muslim League was the result of the Divide and Rule
policy of British Government. The partition of Bengal in 1905 gave impetus to the old efforts of Muslims at
uniting them into an All India Organization. The result was the formation of the Mohammedan Political Union,
the Simla Deputation and eventually the formation of All India Muslim League in 1906. It had long lasting
effects on Muslim politics in India.
harsh realities of life. They began to see that they must organize themselves so that they become a worthy object of government patronage.The first man to try to meet the situation was Nawab Abdul Lateef(1823- 1893) the first member of Bengal Legislative Assembly. In April 1863 he laid the foundation of an IslamiMajlis- i- Muzakira, better known as the Mohammedan Literary Society, atCalcutta. While the Mohammedan Association of Calcutta formed in January 1856 was the oldest Muslim organization. Abdul Lateef was concerned to preserve and to promote old Muslim tradition. The object of the society was “to impart useful information to the higher and educated classes of the Mohammedan community by means of lectures delivered in Urdu, Persian and Englishlanguages.”For more than thirty years Nawab Abdul Lateef, by his own account „almost alone” represented the Muslims of Bengal in all public movements and proceedings.” His efforts were supplemented by another Muslim, when Syed Ameer Ali (1849- 1928) established the National Mohammedan Association in May 12, 1878 at Calcutta with the same object.
On the Muslim side also arose a leader of great force and determination and western outlook. He was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan the first post Mutiny thinker to realize the pathetic condition of the Muslims. He wrote a treatise in Urdu “Asbab- e- Baghawat- e- Hind” on thecauses of the Indian Revolt in which he boldly indicated the Government of India for its lack of social intercourse between the British and the Indian public. According to him the basic cause of the Legislative Councils. For the welfare of the stability of the Government the people must have a voice in its Councils.However,soon after the publication he process of the reforms- e.g., the appointment of Indians to the Legislative Councils was stared. In a way, the book also led to the birth of Indian National Congress and eventually the All India Muslim League. His aim was not only to confined to the reconciliation of the Muslims to the Government but also reconcile them to the Hindus. He considered the two major communities as the two beautiful eyes of India. He believed that all people of a nation should co-operate national development.Sir Syed Ahmad Khan organized a British India Association in 1886, the first HinduMuslim organization, with the avowed object of effectively representing matters to the British Parliament. His work in political sphere and his speeches createdthe atmosphere which ultimately gave birth to the Indian National Congress. In 1883 the Mohammedan Political Association also came into existence under the patronage of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and other Aligarh Leaders.With Sir Syed Ahmad began the period of selfawakening. In the field of education, to combine Western education with Islamic values, he founded the Mohammedan- Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875. His efforts were crowned with success. It proved very beneficial for the promotion of Higher education and modern culture among the Muslims.With a view to raise their educational and social standard, he founded the All India Mohammedan Educational Conference in December 1886. When the Congress passed the resolution in its first session held in 1885 demanding the reconstruction of the Legislative Councils on representative basis, worried Sir Syed a great deal because in that case the Muslims would be in a “permanent minority” and would always be outvoted as the Irish members in West Minister. He therefore advised the Muslims to be away from the Congress and asked them to follow his educational programme. He founded the Indian United Patriotic Association in 1889. The object of the association was to “publish pamphlets and other papers for information of members of parliament, English people and journals of Great Britain” with the aim of explaining to them the Muslim point of view on Indian political affairs.In December 1893 the Mohammedan Anglo- Oriental Association was formed in a meeting held at Sir Syed‟s house at Aligarh, with a view to promote the political interests of Muslims, to lend support to the British Government and to strive to preserve peace in India. After his death in 1898 some other men of similar background came forward to carry his work.
harsh realities of life. They began to see that they must organize themselves so that they become a worthy object of government patronage.The first man to try to meet the situation was Nawab Abdul Lateef(1823- 1893) the first member of Bengal Legislative Assembly. In April 1863 he laid the foundation of an IslamiMajlis- i- Muzakira, better known as the Mohammedan Literary Society, atCalcutta. While the Mohammedan Association of Calcutta formed in January 1856 was the oldest Muslim organization. Abdul Lateef was concerned to preserve and to promote old Muslim tradition. The object of the society was “to impart useful information to the higher and educated classes of the Mohammedan community by means of lectures delivered in Urdu, Persian and Englishlanguages.”For more than thirty years Nawab Abdul Lateef, by his own account „almost alone” represented the Muslims of Bengal in all public movements and proceedings.” His efforts were supplemented by another Muslim, when Syed Ameer Ali (1849- 1928) established the National Mohammedan Association in May 12, 1878 at Calcutta with the same object.
On the Muslim side also arose a leader of great force and determination and western outlook. He was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan the first post Mutiny thinker to realize the pathetic condition of the Muslims. He wrote a treatise in Urdu “Asbab- e- Baghawat- e- Hind” on thecauses of the Indian Revolt in which he boldly indicated the Government of India for its lack of social intercourse between the British and the Indian public. According to him the basic cause of the Legislative Councils. For the welfare of the stability of the Government the people must have a voice in its Councils.However,soon after the publication he process of the reforms- e.g., the appointment of Indians to the Legislative Councils was stared. In a way, the book also led to the birth of Indian National Congress and eventually the All India Muslim League. His aim was not only to confined to the reconciliation of the Muslims to the Government but also reconcile them to the Hindus. He considered the two major communities as the two beautiful eyes of India. He believed that all people of a nation should co-operate national development.Sir Syed Ahmad Khan organized a British India Association in 1886, the first HinduMuslim organization, with the avowed object of effectively representing matters to the British Parliament. His work in political sphere and his speeches createdthe atmosphere which ultimately gave birth to the Indian National Congress. In 1883 the Mohammedan Political Association also came into existence under the patronage of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and other Aligarh Leaders.With Sir Syed Ahmad began the period of selfawakening. In the field of education, to combine Western education with Islamic values, he founded the Mohammedan- Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875. His efforts were crowned with success. It proved very beneficial for the promotion of Higher education and modern culture among the Muslims.With a view to raise their educational and social standard, he founded the All India Mohammedan Educational Conference in December 1886. When the Congress passed the resolution in its first session held in 1885 demanding the reconstruction of the Legislative Councils on representative basis, worried Sir Syed a great deal because in that case the Muslims would be in a “permanent minority” and would always be outvoted as the Irish members in West Minister. He therefore advised the Muslims to be away from the Congress and asked them to follow his educational programme. He founded the Indian United Patriotic Association in 1889. The object of the association was to “publish pamphlets and other papers for information of members of parliament, English people and journals of Great Britain” with the aim of explaining to them the Muslim point of view on Indian political affairs.In December 1893 the Mohammedan Anglo- Oriental Association was formed in a meeting held at Sir Syed‟s house at Aligarh, with a view to promote the political interests of Muslims, to lend support to the British Government and to strive to preserve peace in India. After his death in 1898 some other men of similar background came forward to carry his work.
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