The Partition: 1947, Was it Jinnah or Nehru?

On 15 August 1947 the nation finally turned independent after being ruled for 200 years by British Raj. While the whole world in 1940’s was annihilating by war here in India the three leaders Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were indulged in making the constitution of a new Independent India. This was only made possible by the continuous efforts and hard work of the leaders of India. When everything was going well then, what was the reason that the need of partition arose, many historians said that it was the hunger of congress for the power which lead to the separation of India and Pakistan. Gandhi among these leader was the only idealist who wanted an undivided nation. The British negotiated with Jinnah who was the leader of Muslim league they said that Muslims being the minors will lose their rights and separation was the only way to protect their rights. On the other side Jawaharlal Nehru also went along the decision of separating the to countries on the basis of religion.

By the late 19th century the people of India got tired of British rule which lead to the evolution of one of the most powerful parties The Indian National Congress. This party was mainly created to reforms in the British parliament. By the 20th century the britishers try to give more power to congress but till that time they wanted the nation to be independent and a complete selfgovernment to stop these actions British government introduced laws which were restricting the rights of the nationalist groups and even the rights of the public of India. Due to this action the Indian National congress got a really strong support of people. In 1920’s with the leadership of Mahatma the revolutionary group became really forbidding power. And also the Muslim community starting feeling bitter as the Hindus have gained the political hold. This lead to the separation of Muslim from congress in the protest against religion. And on 30th December 1906 the Muslim community created its nationalist party the Muslim league. By 1910 there were two completely different communities which fought amongst each other and even against the British Raj. But the aim to create this league was not to demand a separate nation but to protect their rights and interest and to respectfully represent their needs and wants to the government. but with the increase in the chances of getting freedom the league developed a sort of fear in their mind which was ipso facto Hindu rule. [1] After the swadeshi movement there were various reforms, the reform of 1909 brought lot of changes in the field of administration which was known as the Monte-milo reforms. At this point of time the Sir Agha Khan as leader of Muslim league demanded a separate electorate of Muslims During the second phase when the congress decided that the motive of the struggle should be Purina Swaraj - which means complete independence.

Gandhi -Jinnah talks 

As Gandhi was against the division of Pakistan and India on the other hand Jinnah construct himself in light of the "two countries" hypothesis, as indicated by which the Muslims and Hindus in India, anyway they might be dispersed over the nation, are totally unfamiliar to each other. He squeezed Gandhi to acknowledge this hypothesis and the Muslim League's Lahore Resolution of March 1940 which he viewed as an outflow of it. He made it unmistakable that his sovereign Muslim States must be made generously out of the British Indian Provinces currently viewed as Muslim (e.g., in the north-west; Sind, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province and the Punjab, and in the north-east, Assam and Bengal). The privilege of these zones to selfassurance and separate power was to be practiced by their Muslim occupants alone. Jinnah declined to answer unbalanced inquiries concerning monetary security and the destiny of minorities. He disclosed to Gandhi that he was managing just with British India and was not thinking about the Indian States. Contending from the "two countries" hypothesis, he couldn't consent to any cooperation between the Hindus and the Muslims with a specific end goal to accomplish freedom, or to any temporary Government before the Muslin assert had been at long last settled. Relations between Muslim India and Hindu India would be settled by arrangement as amongst autonomous and sovereign States, and there could be no doubt of any Central Government or protected connection.